Axel Products Downloads. The following download documents are the intellectual property of Axel Products, Inc. Feel free to download and distribute these documents. Please acknowledge the origin of this material if this material is used within your own presentations or papers. Technical Papers and Briefs. Minimum Weight Design Aerospace design faces a great challenge in creating structures that minimize weight while also fulfilling demanding functional requirements. OptiStruct is the most complete and powerful structural. Topics: ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE BRIDGE GIRDERS STRENGTHENED WITH FRP LAMINATES UNDER SERVICE AND EXTREME LOADING CONDITIONS Strengthening of a reinforced concrete bridge with externally bonded steel reinforced. Hi Dear All, I am Jamal, a PhD candidate from Cardiff University. I try to model and validate an example of a hyperelastic plate with a circular hole problem. The problem was demonstrated in a paper entitled 'FE formulation of.Presentations. Technical Papers and Briefs. The paper provides pictures of the various experiments and discusses the relationship between experimental loadings and hyperelastic material models. More complex analysis may involve elevated temperatures, severe plastic deformation and strain rate sensitivity requiring customized material model development and rigorous experimentation. This includes acoustic characterization. Issues and experiments are described. Issues and pictures related to high strain testing are presented. Data for high strain rate testing of sheet steel, structural plastic and crushable foams is shown. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research. Find Tension Cable related suppliers, manufacturers, products and specifications on GlobalSpec - a trusted source of Tension Cable information. Long term creep experiments provide valuable data for analysis of plastics. The experiments used at Axel Products are described. Measuring the dynamic properties of elastomeric materials in the range of 4. Hz. Elastomers are often used to control or reduce vibrational frequencies in this range. An outline for the experimental determination of the dynamic material properties at vibration frequencies between 4. Hz. This brief examines some of the difficulties encountered in wire testing and outlines some techniques that may be successful in overcoming these difficulties. This paper describes the effects of large temperature changes on elastomer seals and an experimental approach to measuring these effects. This is a brief description of the operation of the transient plane source measurement technique used at Axel Products to measure the thermal conductivity of rubber and plastic materials. Why is the compression test an undesirable test when developing test data for finite element analysis? This short paper addresses these questions. By Tod Dalrymple and Jaehwan Choi, Dassault Systems Simulia Corp. This material representation is intended for simulations of dynamic transient loadcases. The focus is on the use of the hyperelastic and viscoelastic Prony series representation in the Abaqus/Standard and Abaqus/Explicit simulation software. This technique and resulting material model represents the material’s strain- rate dependence during loading quite accurately and thus can be used effectively to simulate peak load conditions during dynamic transient events. Unfortunately, the resulting hyperelastic plus Prony series viscoelastic material model does not represent the material’s hysteresis loop during the load- unload cycle accurately. This paper presents the test methods developed, a sample of material test data, and the resulting material model and material model responses. Intuitively, it makes sense that the carpet would be required to predict the tibia index during frontal crash events; however, there appears to be little published on the topic. The tibia index is an injury criterion that needs to be predicted during IIHS frontal offset occupant simulations, but is also looked at during unbelted FMVSS 2. Since carpet behaves quite differently during compressive and tensile loading, a numerical representation that can stably capture both regimes during occupant modeling is needed. Shell elements in combination with the *PIECEWISE. Validation of using this modeling method with test data is presented, as well as the application of the carpet model in larger occupant models. The input requirement of the model from uniaxial dynamic tests at several frequencies is detailed. By Jim Day, GM Powertrain and Kurt Miller, Axel Products, Inc. This paper provides an analysis and verification of the radial biaxial test used at Axel Products, Inc. Appendix A of this document provides an analysis of the compression button experiment and details the adverse effects of friction. Mars, Cooper Tire & Rubber Company, ABAQUS User's Conference, Cambridge, Massachusetts, May 2. This white paper discusses the salient features regarding the mechanics and finite element analysis (FEA) of elastomers. Although, the main focus of the paper is on elastomers (or rubber- like materials) and foams, many of these concepts are also applicable to the FEA of glass, plastics, and biomaterials. Loading variables such as strain rate, strain direction, maximum strain, relaxation, cyclic behavior and plasticity are outlined to provide a context for the design of experiments needed to define hyperelastic and plastic material models based on the needs of the application. The limitations of hyperelastic material models as they relate to laboratory material data are reviewed. Brief theory and background are provided to show the importance and relevance of using a fracture mechanics approach to model and evaluate rubber materials. The experimental approach is briefly discussed, and alternate forms of analysis are described to properly model strain, stress and energy controlled deformations. This is a discussion of long term stress relaxation testing and the use of Arrhenius plots to estimate the useful lifetime of elastomeric components. By Mattias Gustafsson, Ernest Karawacki and Silas E Gustafsson. This is a broad based discussion on the use of thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) to investigate the properties of polymers. By Paul Wyluda, Ticona and Dan Wolf, MSC Software. Load versus rotation of the gear set is compared to actual experimental results. Morman, Ph. D, The ANSOL Corporation. A graphical presentation with appropriate references explaining the need for experiments in multiple states of strain to adequately define . In this example, two rubbers of identical stress- strain behavior, but differing fatigue and. NR and filled SBR), are compared for their ability. This document describes an. Axel Products to measure the structural strength of plastic and plastic composite materials in a. Digital image correlation is used to measure shear strains on the specimen. They rightly point out that 1) the. Pure Shear test piece is loaded in tension by extending the specimen in the axial direction, and 2) a. They wonder where. The Abaqus material model used to represent nonlinear viscoelasticity is the Parallel Rheological Framework (PRF) model. By Kurt Miller, Axel Products, Inc. The cutting resistance force can be used directly to evaluate and compare materials, and to provide information about minimum requirements for crack growth. The experiment that we perform at Axel Products is described in this brief. Leewood, AC Engineering, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA presented at Elastomer - Fea Forum 1. International Symposium on Finite Element Analysis of Rubber and Rubber- like Materials, May 1. Akron, Ohio USA. These are the overheads from a general presentation given by Kurt Miller at various venues. The presentation includes laboratory pictures and test data examples. Wolf, MARC Analysis Research Corp.,Palo Alto, CA, USA for: Elastomer - Fea Forum 1. International Symposium on Finite Element Analysis of Rubber and Rubber- like Materials, May 1. Akron, Ohio USA. These overheads contain several testing pictures as well as curve fitting examples and actual component examples. Mars - Cooper Tire & Rubber Co., A. This is a brief 2. DIGIMAT input needs. This is a 6. 0 minute presentation on some of the testing issues associated with the characterization of elastomers for elastomer material modeling. It is based on measurements of the fatigue crack growth rate law under both relaxing and nonrelaxing conditions. By Kurt Miller , Presented at ANSYS Regional Conference – Detroit, June 4, 2. The expanded capabilities of material models require expanded physical testing to assure that these material descriptions define real materials. This session presents direct test and measurement of multiple strain states, strain rate sensitivity, and visco- plasticity with emphasis on the applicability to the calibration of ANSYS material models. By Kurt Miller , Presented at the ANSYS Regional Conference – Detroit, June 5, 2.
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